This is TeX, Version 3.14159 (Web2C 7.4.5) (format=latex 2006.10.2) 9 FEB 2007 14:29 **lec (./lec.tex LaTeX2e <2001/06/01> Babel and hyphenation patterns for american, french, german, ngerman, n ohyphenation, loaded. (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/base/report.cls Document Class: report 2001/04/21 v1.4e Standard LaTeX document class (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/base/size12.clo File: size12.clo 2001/04/21 v1.4e Standard LaTeX file (size option) ) \c@part=\count79 \c@chapter=\count80 \c@section=\count81 \c@subsection=\count82 \c@subsubsection=\count83 \c@paragraph=\count84 \c@subparagraph=\count85 \c@figure=\count86 \c@table=\count87 \abovecaptionskip=\skip41 \belowcaptionskip=\skip42 \bibindent=\dimen102 ) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/base/exscale.sty Package: exscale 1997/06/16 v2.1g Standard LaTeX package exscale LaTeX Font Info: Redeclaring symbol font `largesymbols' on input line 47. 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(/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/amsfonts/umsa.fd File: umsa.fd 2002/01/19 v2.2g AMS font definitions ) LaTeX Font Info: Try loading font information for U+msb on input line 21. (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/amsfonts/umsb.fd File: umsb.fd 2002/01/19 v2.2g AMS font definitions ) [1 ] [1 ] LaTeX Font Info: Try loading font information for OMS+cmr on input line 63. (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/base/omscmr.fd File: omscmr.fd 1999/05/25 v2.5h Standard LaTeX font definitions ) LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OMS/cmr/m/n' in size <12> not available (Font) Font shape `OMS/cmsy/m/n' tried instead on input line 63. Overfull \hbox (3.74313pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 93--100 []\OT1/cmr/m/n/12 , and you'll recog- [] [2] [3] Chapter 1. [4 ] Overfull \hbox (64.51898pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 149--160 \OT1/cmr/m/n/12 many good web pages to start, for ex-am-ple I like http://www.t aas.org/gnto/astropic.html, [] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 174--183 [] [5] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 229--229 [][]\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 A solid an-gle is usu-ally ex-pressed in stera-di-ans, or a rc sec$[]$, see [] Overfull \hbox (38.50447pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 222--230 \OT1/cmr/m/n/12 called \OT1/cmr/m/it/12 sur-face bright-ness \OT1/cmr/m/n/12 (S B), and so it has di-men-sions en-ergy/time/area/steradian.[] [] [6] [7] [8] File: TuningFork.ps Graphic file (type eps) [9] [10] [11] [12] Chapter 2. Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 422--437 [] [13 ] Package amsmath Warning: Foreign command \over; (amsmath) \frac or \genfrac should be used instead (amsmath) on input line 460. Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 464--470 [] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 472--492 [] [14] [15] Overfull \hbox (4.20178pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 531--536 \OT1/cmr/m/n/12 The fa-mous Dutch as-tronomer, \OT1/cmr/m/it/12 Ja-cobus Kaptey n \OT1/cmr/m/n/12 and his col-lab-o-ra-tors, started [] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] Chapter 3. [23 ] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] Overfull \hbox (57.04128pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1109--1120 [][] [] Overfull \hbox (19.85797pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1135--1146 [][] [] [30] [31] [32] [33] Chapter 4. [34 ] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 1214--1230 [] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 1231--1249 [] [35] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 1275--1286 [] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 1287--1296 [] [36] [37] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 1364--1374 [] [38] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 1396--1399 [] [39] [40] [41] LaTeX Font Warning: Command \sc invalid in math mode on input line 1527. Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 1526--1541 [] LaTeX Font Warning: Command \sc invalid in math mode on input line 1550. LaTeX Font Warning: Command \sc invalid in math mode on input line 1555. LaTeX Font Warning: Command \sc invalid in math mode on input line 1560. [42] LaTeX Font Warning: Command \sc invalid in math mode on input line 1575. LaTeX Font Warning: Command \sc invalid in math mode on input line 1577. Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 1582--1586 [] [43] [44] Chapter 5. [45 ] File: oort.ps Graphic file (type eps) [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 1949--1957 [] [52] [53] [54] [55] Chapter 6. [56 ] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] Chapter 7. File: ellipticals_2D.ps Graphic file (type eps) File: ellipticals_1D.ps Graphic file (type eps) LaTeX Warning: Float too large for page by 121.8905pt on input line 2379. File: 3379.ps Graphic file (type eps) <3379.ps> File: 1399.ps Graphic file (type eps) <1399.ps> File: 1399_GCS.ps Graphic file (type eps) <1399_GCS.ps> Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 2410--2423 [] [63 ] [64] [65] [66] [67] Overfull \hbox (1.29967pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 2424--2433 []\OT1/cmr/m/n/12 Es also have many glob-u-lar clus-ters. Fig-ure (7.5[]) is an im-age of NGC 1399, [] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 2424--2433 [] [68] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 2459--2470 [] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 2471--2478 [] [69] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 2479--2491 [] File: sombrero.ps Graphic file (type eps) File: shellgalaxy.ps Graphic file (type eps) Underfull \hbox (badness 1728) in paragraph at lines 2502--2502 []\OT1/cmr/m/n/12 Figure 7.7: Im-age of NGC 3923 taken by David Ma-lin. Sev-era l [] Underfull \hbox (badness 1147) in paragraph at lines 2502--2502 \OT1/cmr/m/n/12 faint shells of stars ap-pear in the outer parts of the galaxy. (see [] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 2507--2509 [] [70] [71] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 2510--2513 [] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 2538--2553 [] [72] [73] [74] [75] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 2696--2697 [] LaTeX Font Warning: Command \sc invalid in math mode on input line 2710. LaTeX Font Warning: Command \sc invalid in math mode on input line 2710. LaTeX Font Warning: Command \sc invalid in math mode on input line 2714. LaTeX Font Warning: Command \sc invalid in math mode on input line 2714. Overfull \hbox (7.57964pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 2713--2715 []\OT1/cmr/m/n/12 If we take $\OML/cmm/m/it/12 T$ \OT1/cmr/m/it/12 con-stant \O T1/cmr/m/n/12 then the rhs of Eq. (7.10[]) be-comes $\OMS/cmsy/m/n/12 ^^@[][]$\ OT1/cmr/m/n/12 , [] LaTeX Font Warning: Command \sc invalid in math mode on input line 2716. LaTeX Font Warning: Command \sc invalid in math mode on input line 2716. 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[79 ] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 2802--2820 [] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 2821--2827 [] [80] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 2852--2858 [] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 2885--2889 [] [81] Overfull \hbox (3.81812pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 2914--2916 []\OT1/cmr/m/n/12 Combining this with the ex-pres-sion for $\OML/cmm/m/it/12 b[ ]$ \OT1/cmr/m/n/12 it is easy to show that $\OML/cmm/m/it/12 R=b[] \OT1/cmr/m/n /12 = [] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 2914--2916 [] [82] [83] [84] [85] [86] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 3187--3191 [] [87] [88] [89] Chapter 9. Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 3255--3260 [] [90 ] [91] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 3339--3348 [] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 3349--3355 [] [92] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 3356--3365 [] LaTeX Font Warning: Command \sc invalid in math mode on input line 3380. LaTeX Font Warning: Command \sc invalid in math mode on input line 3380. LaTeX Font Warning: Command \sc invalid in math mode on input line 3387. LaTeX Font Warning: Command \sc invalid in math mode on input line 3387. Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 3390--3391 [] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 3401--3410 [] [93] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 3416--3424 [] File: xrayspec.ps Graphic file (type eps) [94] [95] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 3475--3479 [] LaTeX Font Warning: Command \sc invalid in math mode on input line 3493. File: altbbn.ps Graphic file (type eps) Underfull \hbox (badness 2698) in paragraph at lines 3502--3502 []\OT1/cmr/m/n/12 Figure 9.2: The pro-duc-tion of var-i-ous el-e-ments dur-ing Big Bang [] Underfull \hbox (badness 4060) in paragraph at lines 3502--3502 \OT1/cmr/m/n/12 nucleo-synthesis as a func-tion of the baryon den-sity, taken f rom [] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 3507--3512 [] [96] [97] [98] Chapter 10. 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Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 3922--3933 [] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 3934--3941 [] [113 ] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 3959--3969 [] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 3970--3980 [] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 3981--3996 [] [114] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 3997--4005 [] Overfull \hbox (25.79773pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4023--4023 []\OT1/cmr/bx/n/17.28 The cen-tral en-gine, and uni-fi-ca-tion schemes [] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 4024--4041 [] [115] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 4042--4050 [] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 4051--4060 [] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 4061--4067 [] [116] [117] Overfull \hbox (8.84413pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4118--4124 \OT1/cmr/m/n/12 an-gu-lar ex-tent will be $\OMS/cmsy/m/n/12 ^^Y \OT1/cmr/m/n/12 1[](\OML/cmm/m/it/12 M[]=\OT1/cmr/m/n/12 2 \OMS/cmsy/m/n/12 ^^B \OT1/cmr/m/n/1 2 10[][]) (\OML/cmm/m/it/12 ^^[=\OT1/cmr/m/n/12 200[])[] (\OML/cmm/m/it/12 D=\O T1/cmr/m/n/12 5[])$. [] [118] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 4196--4204 [] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 4205--4215 [] [119] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 4216--4222 [] [120] [121] [122] Chapter 12. 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[140] (./lec.aux) LaTeX Warning: There were multiply-defined labels. ) Here is how much of TeX's memory you used: 1579 strings out of 95847 16944 string characters out of 1195948 67218 words of memory out of 1000001 4488 multiletter control sequences out of 10000+50000 16506 words of font info for 62 fonts, out of 500000 for 1000 14 hyphenation exceptions out of 1000 27i,12n,24p,686b,385s stack positions out of 1500i,500n,5000p,200000b,5000s Output written on lec.dvi (141 pages, 347264 bytes).